The Significance and the Necessity of Ethics and Law in the Field of Research Paper

The Significance and the Necessity of Ethics and Law in the Field of Business - Research Paper Example The presence of the different forms of laws helps in establishing the minimum adequate and satisfactory norms relating to the conduct of behavior. The laws would help in ascertaining that the business organizations are operating in agreement with the laid down specifications so that the interests and the well being of the employees, the society, the environment, the country and the organization on the whole remain protected. This also gives rise to the need of comprehension of the subject matter of business ethics. It aids in making a distinction amid the right as well as the incorrect act. The law could be stated to be fundamentally a codification or rather an institutionalization of the ethical aspects into particular social regulations, legal guidelines and prohibitions. Therefore, the thesis statement for the paper is that legal issues in the present day business context certainly raise ethical concerns which in turn create a derogatory impact upon an organization’s sustai nability in the long run. Analysis of a Legal Issue in the Business World The collapse of the company Enron and the downfall of its auditor Arthur Andersen could be cited as an instance with regard to the violation of legal issues along with unethical practices in the business world. ... The auditor of the company Arthur Andersen was found to be involved with such illegal practices. The revelation of the corruption and the deliberate fraud proved fatal for both the company Enron as well as for Arthur Andersen. The company was compelled to announce itself to be a bankrupt and the subsistence of the ace auditing firm came to an end with the exposure of this scandal. The particular scandal was observed and analyzed to entail both unethical as well as illegal conducts (Healy & Palepu, 2003). The chief problem that arose for the company, Enron was to predict the market worth of its contracts, few of which were for a time period of as long as 20 years. The revenue was predicted or calculated on the base of the current worth of the net cash flows in the coming years. The other significant issue associated with these kinds of predictions was the practicability of the contracts and costs relevant to them. All these issues along with other accounting problems were faced by the company. These gave rise to accounting abnormalities and business malfunctions and ultimately led to the final breakdown of the company (Healy & Palepu, 2003). The Issue The business model of Enron was stated to be quite complicated as it involved a broad range of products from trading functions, physical assets as well as going beyond the national borders. All these factors extended the boundaries of accounting. Enron took the opportunity of exploiting these accounting boundaries to the maximum in controlling its revenues along with its balance sheet so as to depict a favorable performance scenario (Gupta, 2004). However, in this case two matters emerged out to be extremely problematic for the company. The company’s transactions related to trading engaged

On the black hill family and identity Essay Example for Free

On the black hill family and identity Essay The fact that they remained bachelors, despite Lewis desperate longing for a woman in his life, is also the work of Mary, who, knowing that Benjamin will never want to marry, made Lewis promise never to marry unless Benjamin did too. Lewis is identified by his love of aviation and longing for adventure, but he is tied down by family obligations. He is aware that his life would be different if not for the inescapable bond binding him to Benjamin, stating Sometimes, I lie awake and wonder whatd happen if him werent there Then Id have had my own life, like? Had kids? Ironically, it is his family that sets him free in the end and satisfies his desire for an heir and an adventure. This comes in the form of Kevin Redpath, the twins long lost nephew, who comes back to inherit the farm and also give Lewis an opportunity to do what he had always desired, to fly an aeroplane. These ten magnificent minutes completes the missing part of Lewis identity, and all the frustrations of his cramped and frugal life now counted for nothing. No other family is described in such detail as the Joneses, but their neighbours, the Watkinses from The Rock also shows how a family-style group affects the identities of the individuals in the family. The Watkins family is a rather complicated family, for Tom and Aggie Watkins can not have kids of their own and hence resort to adoption. The Watkinses show that despite having no biological ties, the family environment can also affect the characters and lives of individuals. The Watkins family is a typical poor low-class Welsh family, and the adopted children consist of Jim, Ethel, Sarah, Lizzie and Brennie hence turn out to be uneducated children, If anyone said, He was raised at The Rock , or She was reared at The Rock, you knew for sure the child was illegitimate or loony. This shows that the family environment plays a big part in who they are, and how other people view them. In the end, Sarah, Lizzie and Brennie all marry off and escape from The Rock. Lizzie pretended The Rock did not exist, and while Sarah still kept an eye on The Rock, her one great fear was of lapsing into poverty, clearly a fear born out of her experience of childhood poverty. Lizzie and Sarah are examples of the opposite way which family can affect children; instead of falling into the patterns of the family themselves, the children choose to escape and fear these patterns. This opposing respond to family pattern is also evident in David Maloufs Fly Away Peter, where Jim Saddler fears of inheriting his fathers savagery and tries to keep it at arms length. On the other hand, Jims biological children seem to inherit his traits. For example, Ethels son Alfie was identified as Jims son for the lad had Jims carroty hair and cauliflower ears. Alfie also grew up simple, the result of inheriting the combination of both Jim and Ethels mental disabilities. As the novel progresses, Jim has another child, this time Mrs. Muskers. His daughter Meg is even more like him; she grows up to share his love for animals, mistrust of outsiders. She even speaks like him, and clings to The Rock with fierce determination and optimism. Like the twins, Megs identity is shaped greatly by her parent, and she continues his way of life even after his death. The Bickerton family is one of the more minor families in On the Black Hill. A high-class English family, the Bickertons owned the Lurkenhope estate and hence was possibly the most powerful family in the village. In contrast to the Watkinses, the family environment of the Bickertons is wealthy, refined, and educated, and hence the children of Colonel and Mrs. Bickerton, Reggie, Nancy and Isobel, are naturally identified as figures of the higher class. As a result, Reggie grows up to be an arrogant and overly-confident young man and went to war with a head full of chilvaric notions of duty to caste and country. These chilvaric notions are most likely the influence of Colonel Bickerton, who has been persuading all young men to fight for their country. Even after coming home crippled, he made light of his injuries with upper-class stoicism and his high-handed treatment of Rosie Fifield shows that his arrogance hasnt changed. On the other hand, his sister Nancy Bickerton shows traits of Mrs. Bickertons; like the way her mother seeks companionship in Mary, Nancy is bored by the gentry and finds great pleasure in the twins visits. Even the way she offers tea to the twin reflects her mothers; China or Indian? Nancy is hence another example of an identity shaped by her parent and upbringing. Thus the identity-shaping forces of family are quite evident in the families of On the Black Hill. These are clearly portrayed through the characters of the Joneses twins Lewis and Benjamin, whose identities and lives are clearly shaped by their order of birth, their roles in the farm and the house, the traits they inherit from their parents, their upbringing, as well as their bond to each other. Their way of living even after the death of Amos and Mary reveal how the impact of these family dynamics can last forever, also portrayed through the way Meg or Nancy each inherit their parents traits and behaviours. On the other hand, these impacts can also have an opposite effect, as shown by Lizzie and Sarah in the way they try to fight against the Watkinses family pattern of poverty-stricken lives by leaving The Rock. Through On the Black Hill, Chatwin patently demonstrates the relationship between ones identity and family, reinforcing the notion that our families make us who we are today. 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House On Mango Street Essay example -- essays research papers

Women’s Escape into Misery Women’s need for male support and their husband’s constant degradation of them was a recurring theme in the book House on Mango Street. Many of Esperanza’s stories were about women’s dreams of marrying, the perfect husband and having the perfect family and home. Sally, Rafaela, and Minerva are women who gave me the impression of [damsel’s in distress].CLICHÉ, it’s ok though. It’s relevant They wished for a man to sweep them of their feet and rescue them from their present misery. These characters are inspiring and strong but they are unable to escape the repression of the surrounding environment. *Cisneros presents a rigid world in which they lived in, and left them no other hope but to get married. Esperanza, however, is a very tough girl who knows what she wants. She will keep dreaming and striving until she gets it. She says, "I am too strong for her [Mango Street] to keep me here&qu ot; (110). Esperanza learned from all of these women that she was not going to be tied down. She said, "I have decided not to grow up tame like the others who lay their necks on the threshold waiting for the ball and chain" (88). **Especially after seeing that Sally was suffering so much. Sally’s father is making her want to leave home by beating her. Sally "said her mother rubs lard on the places were it hurts" (93). There is not enough lard in the world to be able to cure the pain within Sally’s heart. Sally, "met a marshmallow salesman at a school bazaar" (101). Pretty soon " sally got married, she has her house now, her pillowcases and her plates" (101). Her marriage seems to free her from her father, but in reality she has now stepped into a world of misery. This was supposed to help her heal; " she says she is in love, but I think she did it to escape." (101). Unlike the oth er women Sally has no escape, no poetry, not even papaya coconut juice, not to mention, " he does not let her look out the window" (102). That is why "she sits at home because she is afraid to go outside without his permission."(102). Rafaela’s situation also involves imprisonment in her own home. Cisneros introduced us to Rafaela, a young beautiful girl whose expectations from marriage were to obtain a sweet home to live in. Instead... ...p;quot;ferocious roots beneath the ground" (74). Like the trees [???] (I don’t get the reference to the trees) these are, "Four who reach and do not forget to reach. Four whose only reason is to be and be" (75). These characters are inspiring and strong but they are unable to escape the repression of the surrounding environment. The only tree that was able to escape Mango Street was Esperanza. Her last words demonstrated growth as an independent woman. She concludes "She does not hold me with both arms. She sets me free" (110). This was good! There were minor corrections that I corrected, but didn’t make a note of it(like commas). If u have any ?’s call me n let me know! Nataly Buenrostro Writing 1 October 9, 2000 House on Mango Street Critical Analysis Professor Peterson I made many changes to my draft. First of all I made Esperanza a stronger focal point of my paper. I made it clear that she was the strong one in the book. I made the transitions have more of a flow by mentioning more events that involved Esperanza. I tried to make my subjects better known and my thesis clearer by stating more facts. I showed a lot more and told less.

Comparing Bayard Sartoris of Faulkners The Unvanquished with the Cavem

Comparing Bayard Sartoris of Faulkner's The Unvanquished with the Caveman of Plato's Republic Bayard Sartoris in William Faulkner's The Unvanquished is enlightened from an ignorant boy unconcerned with the horrors of war to an intelligent young man who realizes murder is wrong no matter what the circumstances. His transformation is similar to the caveman's transformation in Plato's Republic. Bayard Sartoris journeys through Plato's cave and finds truth and goodness at the end of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Bayard was as ignorant as the caveman. Bayard heard only the stories of war, "the cannon and the flags and the anonymous yelling."1 He didn't consider the reality: death, bloodshed, and disease. His father's stories of war were just reflections of the reality, shadows on the wall. Bayard paid no attention to the reasons behind the war. Bayard just imagined what it would be like to be General Pemberton or General Grant. Faulkner's diction in the first chapter is full of descriptive references to shadows and darkness similar to the description of the wall in Plato's cave. Plato described the cave and its prisoners in the following way: Imagine human beings living in an underground, cavelike dwelling, with an entrance a long way up, which is both open to the light and as wide as the cave itself They've been there since childhood, fixed in the same place, with their necks and legs fettered, able to see only in front of them, because their bonds prevent them from taming their heads around. Light is provided by a fire burning far above and behind them. Also behind them, but on higher ground, there is a path stretching between them and the fire. Imagine that along this path a low wall has b... .... 5. Faulkner, 18. 6. Faulkner, 28. 7. Faulkner, 25. 8. Plato, 169. 9. Faulkner, 60-61. 10. Faulkner, 61. 11. Faulkner, 61. 12. Faulkner, 66. 13. Plato, 169. 14. Faulkner, 153. 15. Faulkner, 171. 16. James Hinkle and Robert McCoy, Reading Faulkner: The Unvanquished. (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995), 141. 17. Faulkner, 178. 18. Julia Annas, "Understanding and the Good: Sun, Line, and Cave," In Plato's Republic: Critical Essays, ed. Richard Kraut (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997), 152-153. 19. Plato, 168. 20. Iris Murdoch, "The Sovereignty of Good," in Plato's Republic: Critical Essays, ed. Richard Kraut (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997), 174.

Davis’ argument against slavery causing the civil war Essay

As president of the Confederate States of America, I maintain that slavery was not why the South seceded from the Union. We Southerners seceded because the federal government was becoming increasingly pro-Northern in its views and imposing on our sovereign rights. Slavery was legal, yet the government threatened this institution and paid increasingly less heed to our rights. Just as the United States broke free from a British crown that overstepped its authority, the Confederacy formed to protect itself against an intrusive government under Northern sway. In addition, I am aware that many of our soldiers were not slaveholders; indeed, Southerners did not take up arms in order to defend slavery. Men who loved their homes, valued their freedom, and feared a Northern invasion and imposition on their rights formed the Confederate Army. No Southern soldier took up arms to help a slaveholder; many shouldered arms to fend off invasion by a people whose views opposed ours and who tried to coerce us into compliance with their ideals (Wikipedia). We also seceded because we wished to maintain our prosperity, which is a sacred right of Americans. Our economic and social system is the source of our vast wealth, and the Constitution grants us the right to defend it. The federal government favored Northern industry and legislated against us, which would have reduced us to poverty and placed the South in deep economic crisis. Our soil was becoming depleted and our plantations too numerous to be confined to its existing territory, and the federal government insisted on restricting where we could maintain our system, instead of allowing the people to decide (McPherson 78-116). We were not rebels against the federal government, since there was no concrete law binding us to the Northern states. The United States began as merely an association of sovereign states and the Southern states were not obligated to remain. REFERENCES Anonymous. â€Å"American Civil War. † Wikipedia. 8 November 2005. . Causes of the Civil War. † The American Civil War. 8 November 2005. . McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Social Mobility in US essays

Social Mobility in US essays Social Mobility in the United States? The focus of this paper will be social mobility in America. My expected findings were that upward social mobility is declining in America, social mobility depends on race, income, mother and father occupation, and ethnicity. The method of research that I used was literature review. I found that 1) upward social mobility is more likely for a white individual than a black individual 2) upward social mobility among the lower classes is decreasing and downward social mobility is increasing 3) upward social mobility does increase the higher the person starts on the social ladder. The United States of America is a country that takes pride in having a thing called equal opportunity for all. America is a place where one can supposedly be successful if he or she works hard. Is this the reality of our society or just a myth? If the idea of equal opportunity were a reality in America, social mobility would be a very common thing. Poverty would only be temporary for the ones who willing to work hard. It wouldnt have to mean that America would be a classless society, just one in which people moved up and down the social ladder. The question of social mobility and the truth to the idea of equal opportunity has been argued for many years in America. We have yet to come to a consensus. If it is true that equal opportunity doesnt exist in American than the idea of the American Dream would be false. Everything that America is about and stands for would have to be questioned and reexamined. Social policies in America have often been shaped by different ideas concerning this issue. Politicians who favor the idea that equal opportunity does exist often enact policies that take away public assistance to impoverished people in America. They believe that since America provides equal opportunity there is no reason to give assistance to poor people. The idea here is t...

The Ultimate Resume Guide for Every Job Seeker

The Ultimate Resume Guide for Every Job Seeker Remember that old song by Destiny’s Child, â€Å"Skills, Skills, Skills†? Oh, wait, that was â€Å"Bills, Bills, Bills.† Still, you can still use that old tune to remind you that skills are the beating heart of your resume. Work experience and your network are essential to get you to the next step, as is a solid interview performance, but skills are what get you hired. Think of them as a kind of currency: you collect them along the way, and trade them to employers in exchange for experience and more skills to add to your wealth. They’re also something that affects every level of job seeker, from the least-experienced folks just starting out to those who have many years in the trenches and are looking for a new job. No matter who you are, you can always find new and better ways to build and showcase your skills to take advantage of new opportunities. 1. Which Skills Belong On Your Resume?2. The Newbie Applicant3. The Changing Careers  Applicant4. The Paus ed Career Applicant5. The Promotion Seeker via ImgurWhich Skills Belong On Your Resume?â€Å"Skills† can seem like an abstract concept. We hear about social skills, communication skills, job skills, sports skills. On the most basic level, skills answer the question, â€Å"What am I good at doing?† or â€Å"What are my competencies?† In the context of the resume, we get more selective and focus almost entirely on the types of skill areas that help you do your job:Communication skills: How you convey needs and results to colleagues or clients, or how you present yourself in writing and in personProblem solving skills: How you approach challenges in the workplaceOrganization skills: How you structure your tasks, and set up the resources you need to do themTechnical skills:  How you use tools (like specific equipment, programs, or processes) to do your jobInterpersonal skills: How you interact with bosses, colleagues, team membersHard Skills vs. Soft Skillsâ€Å" Hard† skills are those that are easily quantifiable, and can be learned formally. Some examples:Software training or competency (like Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Office, InDesign, SalesTracker)Program certificationsComputer programmingForeign language fluencyTyping (words per minute)Hard skills are important because they show immediately what you can do. If you have training in Photoshop or other photo editing software, that tells the resume reader that you have a very specific area of expertise. Hard skills are ones that can be developed fairly easily, though tutorials, classes/education programs, or practice.RELATED:  13 Skills You Need to Put on Your Resume â€Å"Soft† skills are those that are a little more subjective and open to interpretation- but don’t be fooled into thinking they’re less important! Some examples:CommunicationWork ethicProblem solvingTeamworkOrganizationMultitaskingAdaptabilityCreativitySoft skills are harder to pick up; they tend to come more through experience and personality instead of a class or tutorial. However, soft skills are gaining more traction in the job hunt world, as hiring managers look for personalities that will mesh well in their work environment. This is not to discount the importance of experience and hard skills- but recruiters and others are turning more and more to the less quantifiable strengths (sometimes referred to as â€Å"emotional intelligence†) that suggest a well-rounded candidate.So which set of skills reigns supreme? Well, neither- and both. The best resume will have a strong showing in both categories, so you’ll need to find a balance between them. The important thing to remember is that your resume should play to the strengths required by the job you’re seeking. If you’re applying for a job that has a heavy computer programming focus, emphasize that on your resume, but also make sure to include bullet points about how your softer skills support t hat hard skill. The way you use these skills on your resume may also be affected by what kind of goal you’re hoping to achieve in your job hunt. If you’re a non-traditional candidate (entry-level, applying for jobs after a break, or already employed), the best format for you is likely a skill-based resume over the traditional reverse-chronological format. Let’s walk through different job seeker scenarios to see what would be the best way to use your skills on your resume.The Newbie ApplicantIf you’re just entering the workforce, creating a resume can be really tough. How do you fill in that page when you don’t yet have much experience? This is where skills become especially important- because you may not have work experience yet, but you definitely have skills. It’s just a matter of framing those in a â€Å"hire me† way. Through your classes and activities, you likely picked up experience in problem solving, or teamwork, running meeti ngs, or communicating with others. These may not fall under the heading of â€Å"work experience† per se, but don’t count out your skills just because you haven’t been paid for them (yet!).RELATED:  10 Biggest Job Search Mistakes of New College GradsAccording to The Muse, there are many soft skills that you may have picked up along the way without even realizing it, including:Analytical skillsTeaching classesEditing publicationsDramatizing ideas of problemsOrganizing people and tasksRaising fundsCommunicationMotivating othersSetting up demonstrationsAdvising people writing reportsCoordinating eventsMeeting the publicCustomer ServiceFinding informationManaging your own timeBookkeepingCounseling peopleInterviewing peopleProblem solverSchedulingEnduring long hoursIncreasing productivitySelling productsEscorting VIPs on toursInventing new ideasOffice managementInvestigating problemsDisplaying ideas graphicallyHandling complaintsPersuading othersUpdating filesAdmin istering programsDelegating responsibilityAnalyzing dataArranging social functionsAdvertising/promoting eventsSpeaking in publicEvaluating programsProposing alternate approachesConfronting other peopleCorresponding with othersInterpreting languagesListening to othersEntertaining peoplePreparing materialsManaging an organizationDispensing informationWorking under pressureHandling detail workSketching charts and diagramsWorking collaboratively with people with different backgroundsImagining new solutionsPlanning organizational needsMaking decisions with incomplete informationSupervising othersCollecting moneyRunning meetingsCompiling statistics And don’t forget personal skills as well- those can show potential employers what kind of employee you’d be. Prized personal skills include punctuality, flexibility (think â€Å"adaptable,† not â€Å"gymnast†), responsibility, persistence, and creativity. The best way to use those on your resume is to tailor the docu ment to the job description for which you’re applying, and come up with examples (bullet points) of those skills that match the job. After all, the hiring managers will understand that you’re fresh on the job scene, experience-wise, but you want to help them understand how you’re already well equipped for that next step into the career world. Your career path might be a blank slate at this point, but you’re not.The Changing Careers  ApplicantA similar scenario is someone who’s changing careers, or shifting lanes within an industry. If you’ve decided to pull a career switcheroo and pursue a different type of job from the ones you’ve already held, experience can be as much as an issue as it is when you’re just starting out.RELATED: 6 Things You Must Know About Changing Career In that case, a skills-based resume could help ease that transition. In this kind of resume, you put a hefty â€Å"Skills† section front and center , followed by an abbreviated work history section- tailored to the highlights you can most easily apply to your potential new job/industry. You can also skip bulleted points, and just include company names, position titles, and dates. Definitely include any volunteer experience or internships, classes, etc. that pertain to your hoped-for job. On a traditional chronological resume for an experienced employee, you’d likely skip those (unless directly relevant to your job), but here you’re aiming for flexibility and the transferability of skills you already have.The Paused Career ApplicantResume gaps can occur for a lot of different reasons: job loss + challenging hiring landscape, personal issues, maternity/paternity/family leave, etc. Whatever the reasons, your skills can be recruited to help ease the frustration of experience/work history gaps on your resume. The most important thing to remember is that this isn’t necessarily a dealbreaker: you just need to do a little extra work and tailoring to show that the gaps don’t define your career path or goals. The skills-based resume is a good option for you as well. You want to emphasize that regardless of your experience, you have the tools necessary to be a great employee.RELATED:  6 Ways to Handle Employment Gaps on Your ResumeFor your skills-based resume, it’s extra important to customize your resume for the individual job description. You’ll need to be able to a) get your resume seen by someone who might be screening for more experience or who’s currently working in the field; and b) convince the reader that hmm, this person may have a gap, but s/he’s got experience and the right skills, if not doing it currently. Before applying, do your research:Which tasks/skills are specifically outlined in the job description?What background information can you find about the company’s values? (Company websites often have mission statements, or brief summari es of the company’s values and goals.)Does anyone in your network work at this company? If so, the benefits are twofold: this person could help get your resume in the right inbox, but he or she could also give you some insight into what the company’s culture is like, and what qualities would be most welcomed.Once you have as much info as you can find, tailor your â€Å"Skills† bullets. For the work history, you can keep the position info brief and as vague as you dare- just know that if you don’t include dates or company names, it could be either a red flag to a reader, or lead to specific questions about it in an interview. It’s okay to be honest about gaps and employment dates†¦just be prepared to speak to why, then pivot the conversation about how you’re ready for the opportunity at hand.The Promotion SeekerIf you’re seeking an advancement where you already are, your case is a little different from the resume builders mentione d above- you’re already in, you just want to go up. In that case, it can be easy to dismiss the need for a resume at all. After all, they already know you, right? Not so fast.RELATED:  7 Workplace Tips For Getting a PromotionThe resume can be a great way to reintroduce yourself, the you that has picked up skills and experience (and maybe even awards or professional certifications) along the way. Your old resume is likely picking up dust (literally or digitally) somewhere in HR’s files. No one’s likely to dig it up to give you the promotion you deserve, so take the initiative to update your resume and show why you deserve a promotion or raise. This has the added benefit of your experience: back when you applied, you probably framed your resume based on what you thought would apply to the job. Now you know what applies to the job, because you’ve been doing it. You can refine skills that are directly relevant, and weed out ones that never really applied to your day-to-day. You can also add specific examples and achievements from your time at the company.The skills-based resume is a good format for a promotion because your work history is less crucial here. They know where you’ve been†¦right in cubicle C. It’s good to keep the abbreviated work history section in there, just to give the powers that be a reminder of your path to your current position- but the spotlight should really be on the skills you have, and have built in your current job.If you’re looking for a raise, emphasize skills that show you going above and beyond your basic job description. If you’re looking to move into a more senior position, emphasize your leadership and management skills. Again, you have the benefit of inside information about the job and the company, so use that to tailor the heck out of your resume. Don’t just brush off your old resume file†¦start from scratch and think deeply about what skill areas you wa nt to emphasize.Skills, Skills, SkillsSkills are one of the most effective tools you have in shaping your career narrative. Names, dates, and titles only go so far in telling a hiring manager what you can do. No matter where you are in your career, crafting a resume that makes your skills shine could be the key to your next big opportunity.

Red Bull Marketing Strategy What You Need to Know + How to Copy It

Red Bull Marketing Strategy What You Need to Know + How to Copy It Red Bull is an unbeatable marketing powerhouse. When it comes to their marketing strategy, the brand takes everything it does to the extreme. However, their marketing efforts always put the audience first. In fact, selling their product comes second. While theyre active on array of channels and use tons of different tactics, everything revolves around one concept:  creating content and experiences people would be interested in even if they dont care about energy drink brands. By going above and beyond to produce content on par with major publishers, pull off mindblowing events, and more, theyve become one of the most talked about brands in the world. In this post, youll learn how they went from small startup to global media empire (and borrow their ideas for your own brand). Red Bull Marketing Strategy: What You Need to Know (And How to Copy It)Get Your Red Bull Marketing Stats Infographic What’s the best way to dominate a market? Create one that doesn’t exist yet. That’s exactly what Red Bull did with energy drinks 30 years ago. Thanks to smart marketing and creative strategy, they’ve stayed on top for three decades. So, what does the data look like behind that domination? Download this infographic and find out. DID YOU KNOW: You can plan and organize your entire marketing strategy with , the industry's best-selling marketing calendar solution? Learn how here. How Red Bull Got Started Red Bull first came to the market in 1987  after Austrian toothpaste salesman Dietrich Mateschitz came to Thailand and heard about an â€Å"energy tonic†, created by Chaleo Yoovidhya. The tonic was supposed to help keep drinkers awake and alert. After three years of testing Red Bull launched in Austria, but the two businessmen had doubters. â€Å"There is no demand in the market for this type of drink,† they said. There was no way anyone would go for it. They were wrong. Today, Red Bull dominates, with over 43% of the market share in 2015. The best part? They’re still going strong. Considering Red Bull created the market in the first place, dominating just about half of it after nearly three decades years isn’t bad. Check out this infographic of their whole history: The History Of Red Bull's Unconventional Marketing Strategy When Red Bull first came out, energy drinks didn’t exist, and traditional advertising was expensive. So, Red Bull went rogue and went with a different strategy. What did they do, exactly? They simply went straight to their target audience (18 -35-year-old males)at college parties, libraries, coffee shops, bars and other places where they hang out. By bringing their audience free samples, they put the product right in their consumer's hands. That got their audience talking, spreading the word about their product for free. Today, they still employ a similar strategy: they go wherever their audience is at. Whether that means sponsoring a music festival or creating top-notch culture content, they'll do it. In fact, the content Red Bull publishes is executed at the same level as a professional publishing house. They're effectively a media company that happens to sell an energy drink, rather than the other way around. Recommended Reading: How to Mature Your Publishing Process With Matthew Ankeny From Gear Patrol How Red Bull Reaches Its Target Market Red Bull focuses on three significant tactics to attract its target audience: Publishing awesome content:  The content that the Red Bull marketing team creates is on the same level as other major media outlets that their audience might consume content from. Colossal publicity stunts:  Red Bull takes â€Å"Go Big or Go Home† to the next level by producing massive stunts that cause everyone to freeze and watch what happens. Sponsoring or creating events:  Red Bull proved its marketing prowess by taking their product and associating it with things their audience loves by sponsoring or creating events for them. Check out this Slide Deck on Red Bull’s marketing strategy: How Red Bull Approaches Content Marketing  Strategy Red Bull’s content does three things exceptionally well. First, it  covers  topics that interest their audience. Extreme sports, concerts and music festivals are just a few of the topics covered on the Red Bull website. Picture anywhere you might see someone enjoying (or needing) a Red Bull and their content will cover it. Second, is their ability to sell their brand but not push their product. Their content focuses solely on the enjoyment of the reader, not selling Red Bull. In turn, their audience begins to associate their product with content that they love to consume. Want to do marketing like @redbull? Push content, not product.Third, it publishes videos, blog posts, landing pages and other types of content at the same professional level as media sites that their target audience consumes content from. Take this video for example. It’s high energy, high impact, and full of content that people who love extreme air stunts would enjoy: How Red Bull Uses Publicity Stunts to Generate Hype Another piece of the Red Bull marketing strategy is their insane publicity stunts. They sent a man up 128,000 ft above the earth in a small ship and helium balloon and had him free fall out of it. This stunt, commonly known as the Red Bull Stratos Jump  broke two different world records: By creating massive stunts, like the Stratos Jump, it causes their audience (and let’s face it, probably everyone else) to stop and think, â€Å"Whoa what’s that? I NEED to watch this.† Recommended Reading: How to Generate Data-Backed Social Media Campaign Ideas How Red Bull Uses Events to Reach Consumers The third part of their strategy involves hosting and sponsoring events that their target market is already attending. Whether that means music festivals, film events, or even extreme cliff diving, Red Bull will either create or sponsor an event around them. Why is this a brilliant move? Their audience is already there. Their target audience is an active group. They’re trying new and crazy stunts, they love extreme sports or rocking out at a music festival. So Red Bull shows  up at places they know their target audience would be. Take Coachella for example. This massive music festival takes place over the course of two weekends in the desert and fans don’t want to miss a second of it. That may mean sacrificing a few hours of sleep. Red Bull shows up and gives them the wings (and energy) they need to stay awake and keep jamming at the festival. Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects 8 Ways Red Bull Executes Its Marketing Strategy Red Bull’s  ability to stay true to its branding and values is what makes them successful. DID YOU KNOW: makes it easy to plan and execute your entire marketing strategy. See how you can schedule content, automate social media, manage your team, and more on one marketing calendar. 1. Maximizing The Idea Behind Their Tagline Red Bull's messaging strategy revolves around their tagline, â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings.† It focuses on the idea that their product gives people the â€Å"wings† or energy they need to do whatever they want when they want. This tagline fuels their content because they produce and record some of the most action-packed, high flying sports and activities the world has ever seen. Need a little help jumping out of a plane in a flying suit? Let Red Bull give you the extra push you need. 2. Keeping Consistent Visual Branding The visual branding that Red Bull has created is a key contributor to the brand’s success. Take a look at one of their more recent YouTube videos: The content keeps the watcher engaged through a fast-paced, high-intensity stunt that leaves them wondering if they’ll actually be able to pull it off. That edge of your seat, shock-inducing mentality is what Red Bull’s branding is all about. In turn, they’re able to say, we gave people the energy (and courage) they needed to attempt something this crazy. Recommended Reading: 16 Video Marketing Tips That Will Skyrocket Your Traffic 3. Letting Values Be Their Guide Their values play a role in their content as well. They center around one core phrase â€Å"giving wings to people and ideas.† Everything that the Red Bull team communicates revolves around that tagline and their values. It’s the ability to keep that communication consistent over the past 30 years that has lead to their success. 4. Building a Strong Content Core RedBull’s content core can be summed up by saying: â€Å"Red Bull’s content core revolves around the intersection between their audience’s interest for extreme sports, festivals, and a fast-paced lifestyle with their product’s ability to keep people awake and give them energy during those events.† They focus on topics like extreme sports, music, art, dance, nightlife and a whole lot more. Because of that broad spectrum, their content can appeal to the right audience. There is one thing that Red Bull does with its content core that pushes them ahead of the pack. Every piece of content that they create matches the quality of other publications their target audience might read like Buzzfeed, Vice, ESPN, and more. That level of quality makes it seem like it’s coming from a powerhouse dedicated to creating consumable media, not an energy drink brand. Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects 5. Creating Content Around What Their Audience Loves What does every topic that they cover (and there’s a lot of them) have in common? They focus on activities that their audience would participate in while consuming their products.   They also publish that content everywhere their audience is likely to hang out. They publish a massive amount of material on their website, which, surprisingly, has no mention of their product whatsoever: They produce a magazine, The Red Bulletin, which circulates over 2.2 million copies a month: They also create awesome, awe-inspiring videos: In summary, if their target audience is consuming content on a given channel, you can count on Red Bull being there. Recommended Reading: The Most Complete Content Marketing Process Guide You Need to Get Organized 6. Revamping the Way They Use Traditional Media It’s not just content marketing that Red Bull dominates. The brand invests a substantial amount in traditional mass media channels as well. Red Bull’s TV content operates in two formats: videos they create for their online channels  (YouTube, social media, etc.)  and ads that they partner with traditional TV channel content: Their TV content resides on their online hub called Red Bull TV. Their videos and shows are segmented into formats like Events and Films as well as channel topics like Cliff Diving and Culture: They’ve moved into the music realm too. In addition to covering or sponsoring massive musical festivals, Red Bull also boasts it’s own record label, recording studio, music academy, publishing group, and online radio station. Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy That Will Engage Your Audience 7. By Being Loud and Proud With Social Media Strategy Social media is another channel that Red Bull dominates with authority. Their Facebook page, for example, is full of artistic videos that blend together visually appealing images, music created by their own record label that pumps up viewers, and the sports and events their audience loves. Their message is short and sweet while the first 3 seconds leave you wondering what is happening. You have no choice but to see it through to the end: Leonardo Fioravanti Man-made waves hand-made surfing skills. Posted by Red Bull on Tuesday, November 28, 2017 Their Twitter and Instagram channels on the other hand focus on â€Å"wow† worthy images  to promote shares and interaction with their fans. What’s a wow worthy image for Red Bull? According to Link Humans, it’s images that capture speed, sport and motion: Wings with a view. Where are your wings taking you this week? pic.twitter.com/ZKrEtr40yb - Red Bull (@redbull) November 14, 2017 Their  ability to create dynamic social media posts that  are so engaging it stops fans from scrolling past it is what makes them a social media success.  Each media piece looks like their subject is in motion, which reflects the brand’s high energy aesthetic. Recommended Reading: How to Create the Best Documented Social Media Marketing Strategy in Eight Steps 8. Bringing The Product To The Audience With Sponsorships and Events Finally, Red Bull’s sponsorship and events are the last part of their marketing strategy that seals the domination of their brand. Let’s  break their efforts into three categories: Publicity stunts. Events they’ve created. Sponsorships. Their publicity stunts are so crazy it forces the world to stop and watch. Of course, there’s their Stratos Jump, but there’s more. Take the Red Bull Air Force  team  for example. This group is dedicated to pulling off some of the craziest aerial acrobatics ever seen: Then there are their events, like Red Bull Crashed Ice  or Red Bull Queen of the Bay  that focus on specific sports like ice cross or surfing respectfully. These events focus on fans of the sport and raise awareness of the Red Bull brand. Finally, there are sponsorships. From the Electric Daisy Carnival  in Las Vegas to Coachella, Red Bull is involved with it all. It’s a genius move on the company’s part because who attends all of those events? Their target audience. Not only that, but those sponsorships allow Red Bull to expose the brand to new audiences due to the sheer number of people who attend. Recommended Reading: How to Use an Event Calendar to Organize Your #IRL Attendance Why Their Strategy Works Red Bull’s strategy works because of three  different things: The first is their ability to tell a story that entices their audience. Their focus on everything from extreme sports to music festivals gives them a wide playing field, but it’s not just that. Red Bull puts its product second, and the content and value they can give their audience first. The attention to detail that their marketing team gives is evident. These are people who care about the topics their writing, recording or creating content around. Finally, it’s their commitment to the values and aesthetic that the brand created when they first got their start that makes their marketing work. Everything they create relates back to the idea of giving people and ideas wings to fly. How to Make Red Bull’s Marketing Strategy Work For You It goes without saying, Red Bull has come a long way in the 30 years since it’s inception. From very humble beginnings to the mega-brand publishing house it is today, Red Bull is a marketing success story. Seem intimidating? Let their story serve as a reminder that your organization needs to start somewhere. They didn’t go from an idea in Thailand to a multi-mega corporation overnight. That took time, luck and some seriously hard work  (and a lot of great marketing along the way). Follow their lead by starting small. Here are some ideas: Create a short weekly video series on a topic that interests your audience. Curate social media content that intersects with your product’s purpose and your audience’s interests (without directly referencing yourself). Publish an email newsletter full of cool and useful stuff your audience might like (and maybe slap your own logo in their somewhere). The main takeaway here is this: to succeed at content marketing like Red Bull, you have to put your audience’s interests first, and create stuff that looks and sounds like the kind of content they consume from publishers. Instead of emulating other marketers, that means emulating magazines, TV shows, news websites, and anything else your audience might read and watch. Want to learn more about how to do that, exactly? Here’s some additional reading material to get you started: 16 Video Marketing Tips That Will Skyrocket Your Traffic How to Write a Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000 How to Create a Social Media Strategy In Three Steps (With a Template) How to Write Like a Journalist to Be a Better Marketing Storyteller How to Generate Data-Backed Social Media Campaign Ideas Where will your wings take you from here?

Fashion Marketing and Promotion Research Proposal

Fashion Marketing and Promotion - Research Proposal Example The very nature of fashion, where change is intrinsic, gives emphasis to marketing activities " (Easey, 2008, p7). Essentially fashion marketing is composed of elements of fashion designing and marketing management which are combined together to develop a comprehensive marketing plan for fashion products. This marketing strategy and the related plan is composed of different tasks relative to the elements of promotions, advertising, retailing, branding, affiliate marketing, and distribution. In order to be a successful fashion, marketers have to be future-oriented with forecast information about the market. The fashion industry demands that in order to have an effective fashion marketing strategy, companies need to understand and identify their customers, the trends in the fashion industry as well as how the branding and the marketing of their products/ services effects the purchase behavior of the consumers. This knowledge is the main resource available to fashion marketers to develop a marketing strategy for their fashion based products and services. Marketing in the fashion industry is often difficult as the industry is very volatile with constant changes taking place in its external as well as internal environments. As a result, the approaches taken towards fashion marketing have to be adjusted and revamped in order to effectively target the latest and future trends.A corporate strategy of any company provides the overall strategy and objectives of the company along with its orientation. The factors that are related to customers and those that influence their demand are identified for the corporate strategy and employed with a competitor analysis to determine a differentiated strategy for the organization. The internal and external elements that affect the business operations and future continuity are identified and addressed in the corporate strategy along with the determination of a strategic path of business for an organization. The strategic path encompasses the policies, procedures, values, resources and the overall objectives of the organization which are explicitly depicted in the corporate strategy of any company.

International Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Business Management - Essay Example As every thing is changing in the present situation, the strategies regarding marketing in business also are changing rapidly. Continuity can be observed in that change. The unpredictable shift of the power due to the expansions in the economies raised need of the new management practices that can use the advances in the communications technology. This transformed the speed with which information spreads and this spreading of the information gives rise to new ideas and ways of marketing. This can increase the scope for the marketing also as the spread of the information can tell about the quality of the product in a far away place with increased speed. The part of the transformation resulted due to the number of products are derived from complex geography of production. This involves complexity in distribution and consumption. This is due to the vastness and extensive nature of the distribution and consumption as the needs and views of customers vary from place to place. These can be known by managements by communications technology and can make use them in the marketing strategies.1 The people who use the products manufactured far away from their place of living take into consideration the changes that affect directly their living, necessities and provisions for their children. This makes marketing easy but needs an extensive approach in case of photo album industry as the methods are new and innovative to this industry. The new and innovative business management prospects are due to the explosion and proliferation of global protest movements. 2. Main Bodies 2.1 Literature Assessment Evaluation of part one: In part one the Chinese photo album industry's state in the present environment is discussed. The assessment was based on the needs of the customers and the role of the industry in meeting them. It was opined that the products delivered by industry should be according to the necessities of the customers using them. 2.1.1 The management practices according to market forces: The views shared by

Criterion Referenced Tests and the Norm Referenced Tests Research Paper

Criterion Referenced Tests and the Norm Referenced Tests - Research Paper Example This essay highlights that  the criterion-referenced tests are intended to measure a person understands of a specific concept or skills that were required and are usually used in job evaluations and also in acquiring licenses. Under the CRT the tests are either a pass or a fail for a particular test since it tests if one has conceptualized a given concept or skill or not. The norm-referenced tests on the other hand are used to compare a given examinee with the other examinees. Under the norm-standard tests the examinees are given a similar test and they are compared against the results of each other that are put on a graph where the normal distribution is analyzed and the other extremes on either side of the curve are also characterized.  This discussion stresses that  the norm-referenced tests are usually used in schools and in grading students to understand the students that can make it to the next level as they are used to test their capability in the specific subjects and h ow they relate to their development educationally. As opposed to the CRT where there are no ranks but only a pass or a fail the ranking system is the most important aspect of the NRT system since the students that will pass and those that have failed need to be known to the teacher or practitioner.  The NRTs use criteria where the student is compared with other students in the classroom to gauge their capability in comparison to their peers.

Immigrant Parental Involvement in Education Research Paper

Immigrant Parental Involvement in Education - Research Paper Example All these among others are evidence of how school systems in Canada devalue immigrant parents. The culture held by Canadians in most cases tend to conflict with the culture of immigrant parents. In most cases, immigrant parents come in with different cultures which in most cases they greatly embrace and appear less reluctant parting with them. According to Brake (1997), acculturation theory supports the idea that immigrants tend to hold tightly unto the values of their cultures. On the other hand, the migrants avoid cross cultural contacts due to their ability to aggravate anxiety and uncertainty. This therefore plays a major role in creation of cultural incompetence which greatly limits parental involvement in contexts that are increasingly important to their children, including school and the expanding extra familial social world (Duncan, 2008). The study also portrayed that there were several barriers which limited immigrant parents from minority groups and those with less education to fully participate in their children's schooling. This is mainly due to the fact that they felt uncomfortable in an institutional setting and also held the notion that they were not very resourceful in their children's education. ... Additionally, immigrant parents with lower educational backgrounds and income were less likely to volunteer in school activities such as parent interviews. This played a role in creating a disconnection between the parents and their school children. Vickshard (1999) indicates that parent's socio economic status has a positive association with their involvement in school. On the other hand, parents with higher educational attainment are more likely to be involved in the school affairs of their children. The teachers were also more likely to stereotype minority immigrant parents based on their schooling experiences, history and culture. George (2000), states that, the teachers should not at any point discriminate any student or parent based on his or her culture, gender, status, religion or race. Therefore, Canadian teachers should change their negative perception towards immigrant parents and instead focus on embracing them despite their shortcomings. The study also indicated that lan guage barrier was also a major disadvantage and inhibitor to the parental involvement of immigrant parents. Most immigrant parents were not well placed in terms of communicating in English and therefore communication barrier grew out of it. As a result, it prompted less parental involvement in their children's schooling. According to Janice (1999), language is an important requirement which normally facilitates communication, as well as increasing one's confidence (Allan, 2005). For instance, if the immigrant parents in Canada were familiar with all the languages used in the country, it would therefore have been easier for them to communicate and thus uplifting their confidence. Consequently, their involvement in their children's schooling affairs would also increase.

Create a Situation Analysis of a Company I Want to Work for Essay

Create a Situation Analysis of a Company I Want to Work for - Essay Example To make their customers satisfied Humana differentiates its product by conducting ethnographic research. Humana provides various programs for their customers and takes complete advantage of the customers’ understanding. In the insurance market, Humana has a number of strong competitors such as Atena and Signa. As the health industry market is in growth stage, Humana tries innovation of new products which is the biggest strength of the company. The good business practices and strategies have made Humana one of the biggest players in the healthcare industry. Situation Analysis of Humana About Humana Humana is one of the top health care providing companies of the US. Unlike other companies, Humana considers it as a challenge to meet consumer expectations of reliability and personalization. Humana deals with health insurance products and health plans. Humana’s products and services are all customer centric. The customers always hope that the company understands their needs. Humana’s ‘customer service representatives’ have the capability to understand the enquiries of the customers and can provide appropriate solutions to them. Humana’s service model is designed in such a way that it can identify the specific needs of the customers. The reason is that the insurer needs to appeal exclusively to individual customers. The uniqueness in product and service appears when customers have good interaction with the company and they can experience something innovative which cannot be found in other company. The differentiation makes the customers feel that the company understands them and their problems. Through providing innovative and exclusive perspectives on health and benefits to customers, Humana has succeeded to accomplish its objectives. To successfully manage the healthcare, develop budget plan, and maintain health expenses, Humana conduct ethnographic research. Humana seeks to provide its employees the appropriate information which is needed for making the above decisions. The career in Humana is based on four principles which are consolidation, personalization, distillation and actionability. To provide good product Humana positions a prototype before introducing the end product in the market (Hewlett-Packard Development Company, â€Å"Insurance and Technology†). Understanding the Customer Humana provides flexibility, appropriate pricing and superior value for their customers. The managers and agents are the essential part for the success of Humana. Humana respects their job which they perform for the customers and continuously tries to make it simple for the customers to engage with the company. With regard to heath insurance product, Humana recognizes the needs of customers and develops customer centric plans. Its services include commercial products; self funded services and individual products. Humana conducts various programs for customers such as specialty benefit, supplemental and behavior al health program, professional life plan and wellness programs. Humana follows user centric strategy. It tries to maximize the customers’ experience by observing their actions not just their requirements. The end–user involvement is quite vital because it can provide in-depth

Immigrant Parental Involvement in Education Research Paper

Immigrant Parental Involvement in Education - Research Paper Example All these among others are evidence of how school systems in Canada devalue immigrant parents. The culture held by Canadians in most cases tend to conflict with the culture of immigrant parents. In most cases, immigrant parents come in with different cultures which in most cases they greatly embrace and appear less reluctant parting with them. According to Brake (1997), acculturation theory supports the idea that immigrants tend to hold tightly unto the values of their cultures. On the other hand, the migrants avoid cross cultural contacts due to their ability to aggravate anxiety and uncertainty. This therefore plays a major role in creation of cultural incompetence which greatly limits parental involvement in contexts that are increasingly important to their children, including school and the expanding extra familial social world (Duncan, 2008). The study also portrayed that there were several barriers which limited immigrant parents from minority groups and those with less education to fully participate in their children's schooling. This is mainly due to the fact that they felt uncomfortable in an institutional setting and also held the notion that they were not very resourceful in their children's education. ... Additionally, immigrant parents with lower educational backgrounds and income were less likely to volunteer in school activities such as parent interviews. This played a role in creating a disconnection between the parents and their school children. Vickshard (1999) indicates that parent's socio economic status has a positive association with their involvement in school. On the other hand, parents with higher educational attainment are more likely to be involved in the school affairs of their children. The teachers were also more likely to stereotype minority immigrant parents based on their schooling experiences, history and culture. George (2000), states that, the teachers should not at any point discriminate any student or parent based on his or her culture, gender, status, religion or race. Therefore, Canadian teachers should change their negative perception towards immigrant parents and instead focus on embracing them despite their shortcomings. The study also indicated that lan guage barrier was also a major disadvantage and inhibitor to the parental involvement of immigrant parents. Most immigrant parents were not well placed in terms of communicating in English and therefore communication barrier grew out of it. As a result, it prompted less parental involvement in their children's schooling. According to Janice (1999), language is an important requirement which normally facilitates communication, as well as increasing one's confidence (Allan, 2005). For instance, if the immigrant parents in Canada were familiar with all the languages used in the country, it would therefore have been easier for them to communicate and thus uplifting their confidence. Consequently, their involvement in their children's schooling affairs would also increase.

Contribution of Shakespeare to Modern Literature Essay

Contribution of Shakespeare to Modern Literature - Essay Example Shakespeare's main arena included one where he affected people through his intellectual, yet seemingly ordinary and therefore, easily accessible message. Shakespeare managed to imbibe a sense of physical action into the rather static state of affairs in the thearetical scene upon his arrival. Also, he was phenomenal as far as creating symbolic instead of purely realistic plots were concerned. In this context, writers of modern day literature have avidly followed his lead by experimenting with real life scenarios to twist and turn them to trasmit a meassge. The striking characteristic of Shakespeare's work lies in its ability to simply transport a person to unknown lands and their unusual elements. Even when writing of the violence Literature ridden times of England or the discriminatory attitude that prevailed among many at that time, he tells a story of dreams and hope. Invariably, writers today follow this basic format in modern literature where there is always a struggle with hope complementing it and finally - the hero takes the cake. Shakespeare actually introduced the world and thereby inducted the modern literary scene, into the traditional rough it out till the end mode of writing. (Harold, 2003) The best part about Shakespeare's plays is that the characters are studies in cultural and societal nuances. Try Shylock from The Merchant of Venice. This money lending Jew fit the typified framework which was associated with the cunning community at that time and Shylock with his dialogues and choice of words became a huge hit merely because he was just like them and yet different in the way he had been portrayed in lieu of the situations that surrounded him as a father. These kinds of characterisations have come to signify the blueprint for all... This paper stresses that it is difficult for most scholars of his work to decide whether his sonnets have more punch or his plays have more of his sense of unparalleled imagination. As far as his style of writing is concerned, his nuances and detailing have been a benchmark for many a writer. On a more personal note, William Shakespeare’s life reflects the story of a boy from a provincial town who made it to the top without any money or connections to support his talent or dreams. Besides influencing the theaterical scene in more ways than one, Shakespeare has been creadited with the creation of the most splendid plays the world has ever seen. He had the power to revolutionalise theatre and he actually achieved that aim with the creation of the most admired plays in Western Literature. This report makesa conclusion that most modern writers have been found to draw inspiration from Shakespeare’s work which promoted them to demonstrate deeper understanding of elements like art and music in one’s everyday. With Shakespeare’s entertaining yet informative and rather realistic style, most writers of modern literature have found to understand areas like art and music which they have imbibed in their work, to reflect the struggles and issues of the time and other general problem areas like cultural suppression, violence and political power.

Scm Test Questions Essay Example for Free

Scm Test Questions Essay

Organizational Development By Training And Development Management Essay

Organizational Development By Training And Development Management Essay Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style are four of the most important aspects in organizational studies. The focus of current study is to understand the affect of Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style on Organizational performance. The back bone of this study is the secondary data comprised of comprehensive literature review. Four Hypotheses are developed to see the Impact of all the independent variables on the overall Organizational Performance. The Hypotheses show that all these have significant affect on Organizational Performance. These Hypotheses came from the literature review and we have also proved them with the help of literature review. Results show that Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style have significant affect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively affect the Organizational Performance. It means it increases the overal l organizational performance. We also prove our Hypothesis through empirical data. However, results are strongly based on the literature review. KEYWORDS: Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design, Delivery style, Organizational Performance. INTRODUCTION Training has the distinct role in the achievement of an organizational goal by incorporating the Interests of organization and the workforce. Now a days training is the most important factor in the business world because training increases the efficiency and the effectiveness of both employees and the organization. The employee performance depends on various factors. But the most important factor of employee performance is training. Training is important to enhance the capabilities of employees. The employees who have more on the job experience have better performance because there is an increase in the both skills competencies because of more on the job experience .Training also has impact on the return on investment. The organizational performance depends on the employee performance because human resource Capital of organization plays an important role in the growth and the organizational performance. So to improve the organizational performance and the employee performance, training is given to the employee of the organization. Thus the purpose of this study is to show the impact of training and the design of training on the employee performance. Training development increase the employee performance like the researcher said in his research that training development is an important activity to increase the performance of health sector organization .Another researcher said that employee performance is the important factor and the building block which increases the performance of overall organization. Employee performance depends on many factors like job satisfaction, knowledge and management but there is relationship between training and performance .This shows that employee performance is important for the performance of the organization and the and the training and development is beneficial for the employee to improve The main objective of our study is how the training increase the employee performance. Training increase or develop the managerial skills. despite focusing on efficiency and cost control the spending on training should increase because organization get more efficiency , effectiveness out of the training and development .This shows that training increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the organization. I think people are talking more about performance and results and consequences. They are not necessarily doing more about it. From this it is clear that training and development is the important factor. So the significance of our study is that the training improves performance. Thus the purpose of this study is to show the impact training development on the employee performance. Results are strongly based on the literature review. Results show that Training and Development, On the Job Training and Training Design and Delivery style have significant effect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively affect the Organizational Performance. Training is important for the backbone of every organization and it is also the main resource of the organization. So organizations invest huge amount on the human resource capital because the performance of human resource will ultimately increase the performance of the organization. Performance is a major multidimensional construct a imed to achieve results and has a strong link to strategic goals of an organization .As researcher explains that performance is the key element to achieve the goals of the organization so to performance increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization which is helpful for the achievement of the organizational goals. But the question arise that how an employee can work more effectively and efficiently to increase the growth and the productivity of an organization. There are many factors which improves the work of the employee such as flexible scheduling, training etc. It is very necessary for the organization to design the training very carefully. The design of the training should be according to the needs of the employees. Those organizations which develop a good training design according to the need of the employees as well as to the organization always get good results. It seems that Training design plays a very vital role in the employee as well as organizational per formance. A bad training design is nothing but the loss of time and money. On the job training helps employees to get the knowledge of their job in a better way. It is cost effective and time saving. It is good for organization to give their employees on the job training so that their employees learnt in a practical way. Delivery style is a very important part of Training and Development. Employees are very conscious about the delivery style. If someone is not delivering the training in an impressive style and he is not capturing the attention of the audience it is means he is wasting the time. It is very necessary for a trainer to engage its audience during the training sess. Delivery style means so much in the Training and Development. It is very difficult for an employee to perform well at the job place without any pre-training. Trained employees perform well as compared to untrained employees. It is very necessary for any organization to give its employees training to get overall goals of the organization in a better way. Training and development increase the overall performance of the organization. Although it is costly to give training to the employees but in the long run it give back more than it took. Every organization should develop its employees according to the need of that time so that they could compete with their competitors. LITERATURE REVIEW Human resource is the very important and the People learn from their practical experience much better as compare to bookish knowledge. On the job training reduces cost and saves time. It is better for the organizations to give their employees on the job training because it is employees development and the employee development encourage self-fulfilling skills and abilities of employee, decreased operational costs, limits organizational liabilities and changing goals objectives THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK To implement the study following dependent and independent variables are shown in the theoretical HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT Hypothesis development is very important because acceptance and the rejection of hypothesis show the significance of the study. On the basis of literature review and above theoretical frame work we came to develop following hypothesis. In the training development organizational performance is also affected by the training design. Therefore our first hypothesis is: H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance. To increase the knowledge and skills in the job training is given to the employees therefore our second hypothesis is: H2: On the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance. During training development the delivery style of the person who is giving the training also affects the organizational performance so our third hypothesis is: H3: Delivery style has significant effect on the organizational performance. By combining the above mentioned hypothesis our fourth hypothesis is: H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. METHODOLOGY The study sample comprised of 100 employees of different organizations of Islamabad, capital of Pakistan. The sample is mixed like both male and female. The data is collected through a questionnaire consists of 15 questions. All questions are close ended questions with the use of a five point Likert scale consisted of strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree. All questionnaires were distributed and collected by hand from the offices of the organizations in the office timings. Ninety five questionnaires were collected after one weak. 95 of them gave the response to our questionnaire. After checking them 79 were found correct and the respond rate was 83%. These 79 questionnaires were included in the study. The analysis of the questionnaire was undertaken using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). All mean and medians were calculated using SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the independent variables and to conclude the results on the basis of secondary and primary data. Most of the results consist of secondary data. DISCUSSION It is very necessary for the organization to design the training very carefully. The design of the training should be according to the needs of the employees. Those organizations which develop a good training design according to the need of the employees as well as to the organization always get good results. It seems that Training design plays a very vital role in the employee as well as organizational performance. a bad training design is nothing but the loss of time and money . All these results prove our first Hypothesis which is H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see in the table that most of the means are in between the bracket of 4-5 and 3-4, it means that most of our respondents think that Training Design has significant affect on the organizational performance. This also proves our first hypothesis which is; H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance. If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our first hypothesis. On the job training helps employees to get the knowledge of their job in a better way. People learn from their practical experience much better as compare to bookish knowledge. On the job training reduces cost and saves time. It is better for the organizations to give their employees on the job training because it is cost effective and time saving. It is good for organization to give their employees on the job training so that their employees learnt in a practical way. All these results prove our second Hypothesis which is H2: On the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see in the table that most of the means are in between the bracket of 4-5 and 3-4, it means that most of our respondents think that On the Job Training has significant affect on the organizational performance. This also proves our second hypothesis which is; H2: O the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. . If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our second hypothesis. Delivery style is a very important part of Training and Development. Employees are very conscious about the delivery. If someone is not delivering the training in an impressive style and he is not capturing the attention of the audience it is means he is wasting the time. It is very necessary for a trainer to engage its audience during the training session. Delivery style means so much in the Training and Development. All these results prove our third Hypothesis which is H3: Delivery style has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see the results some of the respondents disagree with the term that Delivery style has a significant effect on organizational performance. But most of the respondents lie between the brackets of 4-5. So if we consider the majority. The majority of our respondents say that delivery style is very important in the training. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. . If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our third hypothesis. It is very difficult for an employee to perform well at the job place without any pre-training. Trained employees perform well as compared to untrained employees. It is very necessary for any organization to give its employees training to get overall goals of the organization in a better way. Training and development increase the overall performance of the organization. Although it is costly to give training to the employees but in the long run it give back more than it took. Every organization should develop its employees according to the need of that time so that they could compete with their competitors. All these results prove our fourth Hypothesis which is H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see in the table that most of the means are in between the bracket of 4-5, it means that most of our respondents think that Training and Development has significant affect on the organizational performance. This also proves our fourth hypothesis which is; H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. . If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our fourth hypothesis. MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Training and development is very important for an organization to compete with this challenging and changing world. Training and development is basically directly related to employee but its ultimate effect goes to organization because the end user is organization itself. This study will help organization to understand the importance of Training and Development. It will also help organization to understand which factors are important to keep in mind during the training and how a good training can be delivering to their employees. It will help them to understand that it is very necessary for them to give training to their employees so that they could perform the assign task in a better way. RECOMMENDATIONS In this research we review a lot of materials related to the variables used in this research and at the end we also proved our hypotheses. In the light of all this research and all the material which is being used to conduct this research and all the literature review we came to the decision that there should be Training and Development in every organization. Although we have review some disadvantages like it is costly to give training to the employees, but the advantages of Training are much more than its disadvantages which are briefly discussed in this study. We recommend that all organizations should provide Training their employees. We already have discussed that Training and Development have advantages not only for employee but the ultimate benefit is for the organization itself. If the performance of the employee is not good it will affect the whole organization. CONCLUSION Training and Development has positive effect on Organizational Performance. Discussion of all the results proves the hypotheses; H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance, H2: On the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance, H3: Delivery style has significant effect on the organizational performance and H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. All these have positive effects on the Organizational Performance. It improves the Organizational Performance. On the Job Training is very effective and it also saves time and cost. Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style have significant effect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively affect the Organizational Performance. It means it increases the overall organizational performance. FUTURE STUDY Primary data is not collected; the study only depends on secondary data. Study can be conduct on different departments of the organizations that which department needs more training and development. Study focus on gender can also provide different results and one can conduct a study on different types training and development programs. REFRENCES 1. Stone R J. (2002), Human Resource Management 2nd Edition, Jhon Wiley Sons 2002. 2. Fakhar Ul Afaq, Anwar Khan (2008), Case of Pearl Continental hotels in Pakistan, Relationship of training with Employees Performance in Hoteling Industry. 3. Richard Chang Associates, INC., Measuring the impact of traning, demonstrate the measureable results and return on investment. 4. Iftikhar Ahmad and Siraj ud Din,Gomal Medical College and Gomal University, D.I.Khan,Pakistan(2009),EVALUATING TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 5. Chris Amisano, (2010), eHow contributer Relationship between traning and employee performance. 6. Robart T.Rosti Jr, Frank shipper, (1998), A study of the impact of traning in a management development programm based on 360 feedbacks. 7. Workforce.com, (May 22, 2006), Special report: Traning and Development). Roger Kaufman-FloridaState University Donald Nickels,M.A,(2009), http://blogs.payscale.com/compensation/2009/09/ef fects-of-training-on-employee-performance.html 8. Michael Armstrong. 2000. Understanding training. Human Resource Management Practice. 8th Edition. Kogan page limited, London. pp:543 9. Mark A. Griffin. Andrew Neal.2000. Perceptions of Safety at Work: A Framework for Linking Safety Climate to Safety Performance, Knowledge, and Motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology Vol. 5(3), pp:347-358 10. Phillip Seamen .Anita Eves. 2005. The management of food safety-the role of food hygiene training in the UK service sector. International journal of hospitality management Vol. 25(2), pp: 278-296 11. Thomas N. Garavan. 1997. Interpersonal skills training for quality service interactions Industrial and Commercial Training Vol. 29 (3) ,pp:70-77 12. Carlos A. Primo Braga.1995. The Impact of the Internationalization of Services on Developing Countries. Article based on a World Bank report, Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries Washington. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/fandd/english/0396/article s/070396.htm 13. Ginsberg, L.1997. Training for the long haul. Computer Shopper. Vol: 17, p: 4 14. Tsaur, S.H., Lin, Y.C.2004. Promoting service quality in tourist hotels: the role of HRM practices and service behavior, Tourism Management, Vol. 25 pp.471- 15. Flynn, B.B., Schroeder, R.G., Sakakibara, S. 1995. The impact of quality management practices on performance and competitive advantage, Decision Sciences, Vol. 26 pp.659-91 16. Tom Baum. Frances Devine. 2007. Skills and training in the hotel sector: The Case of front office employment in Northern Ireland. Tourism and Hospitality Research Vol: 7, pp: 269-280 17. Shepard, Jon Robert W. Greene. 2003. Sociology and You. Ohio Glencoe McGraw-Hill. 18. Ruth Taylor, Doug Davies. 2004. Aspects of training and remuneration in the accommodation industry. Journal of European Industrial Training. Vol: 28(6), pp:1-2. 19. Partlow, C.G. 1996. Human-resources practices of TQM hotels, Cornell Hotel Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 37 No.5, pp.67-77 20. Deming, W.E. 1982. Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position, MIT Center for Advanced Engineering, Cambridge, MA.

The Power of Sympathy Essay -- Literary Analysis, William Hill Brown

In the novel, The Power of Sympathy by William Hill Brown, there is a contrast between the opposing ideas of sentiment and reason. Characters in the text play to this underlying contrast and are affected by the polar ideas, ultimately resulting in the taking of their own lives. These acts of suicide results from a detachment, or ignorance, of reason. When overcome by emotional misery of sentiment, reason may, for however long a period, become lost or inferior to overbearing ideas of sentimental thoughts directed toward one's death. Bearing the pain of one's own reason leads one to direct their actions by means of sentimental reasoning. The story of Ophelia, as told by Harriot, depicts the reasonable daughter of Shepard becoming lost to the sentimental thoughts of suicide. While rationally stating her argument to her father, she claims to be speaking with the intention to â€Å"demonstrate the sincerity of her repentance† (39) and regain the peace that was once within her home. She recognized that she was wrong in her action, claiming that â€Å"All...are not blest with the like happiness of resisting temptation† (39) and she wished to display her sincerity with this confession. The transition from reasonable to melancholy occurs when her father rejects the notion of Ophelia's confession, her â€Å"sensibility became more exquisite† (39) indicating that her sensibility came from the attempt to make things right with her family; however, the attempt failed and she lost her rational thought. The emotional part of Ophelia became stronger as her repentance was rejected; reason had failed her, her family was not influenced by her words. There is a drastic leap to conduct that â€Å"bordered upon insanity† (40), a lack of sane and rational thought th... ... reason. When the character remains reasonable, they face an inner pain, whether it be guilt, passion or confusion. Rather than suffer with this pain, the characters abandon reason and succumb to the overbearing strength of emotion. Ophelia, reasonable despite being unforgiven, loses her sanity to emotional melancholy and ends her life with poison. Harriot, who was just before owner her virtue, gave her life away to passion thinking that reason is unable to aid suffering in patience. And Harrington, who makes no attempt to reclaim his clear mind, is driven to death because he fails to direct his thoughts elsewhere, even when urged to. The sentimental forces in this novel initiate a thought of suicide. The characters develop the thoughts individually, yet all give in to the powers of passion due to their lost sense of reason and overbearing sentimental thoughts.

Was the 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre a Failure of Civil Disobedience?

The 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre in China or the June Fourth Incident was one of the most famous student protests in the world’s history. The Massacre took place on June 4th 1989 – the last day of a series of pro-democracy demonstrations around Tiananmen Square beginning from April 14. The Tiananmen protest ended in tragic failure and bloodbath as the Chinese state decided to put down the protest with a martial law. At last, army troops and tanks were sent to take control of the city and were ordered to clear the square by firing at the crowd of protesters. The number of deaths has been a matter of controversy over the world until now, which ranges from several hundreds to thousands. In spite of the massiveness and the great influence of the protest, June Fourth was a great failure of civil disobedience because of its lack of organization and the dominant power of the Chinese dictatorial government. The root of protest came into existence since the early of 1980s after the death of Mao ZeDong – the first chairman of the Communist party of China – in 1976. Since the communist party came to power, it had conducted many social and economic campaigns that had tremendous influence on the nation. The total domination of the socialist government towards the society caused many mistakes that made China face many disasters, for example, the severe famine caused the death of 30 million people from 1959 to 1961 (Zhao 42), or the Cultural Revolution which annihilated traditional culture and murdered a lot of intellectuals. In 1978, the new leaders decided to reform to rescue the Chinese economy which was on the verge of collapse. They corrected the past mistakes with an open-door policy on all areas from economy to culture, thus loo... ...down the student demonstrations and somehow killed the revolution spirit of the people, the world will always remember the Tiananmen protest as significant, bravery and dramatic civil disobedience in the pursuit for democracy. Works Cited Branigan, Tania. â€Å"China lifts ban on Tiananmen sites.† Guardian.co.uk 3 August 2008. . Mackerras, Colin. â€Å"June Fourth.† Dictionary of the Politics of the People’s Republic of China. 1st ed. 1998. Pei, M. From Reform to Revolution: The Demise of Communism in China and the Soviet Union. Harvard University Press, 1994. Zhang, Liang. The Tiananmen papers. Ed. Andrew J. Nathan and Perry Link. 1st ed. New York: Public Affairs, 2001. Zhao, Dingxin. The power of Tiananmen. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2001.

Internationalization of Higher Education Essay

The paper is directly relevant to the selected theme and concurrent session since it extensively describes the contemporary problems and major perspectives of globalization and internationalization within the framework of higher education in Ukraine. Being objectively affected by the process of globalization, Ukrainian academic institutions gain the impetus to design the international educational environment, responsive to the needs of time, and therefore persistently move towards the understanding of the concept of internationalization and its adequate practical application. Internationalization of higher education: towards its comprehensive conceptualization in Ukraine Globalization and internationalization are significantly affecting higher education in Ukraine as everywhere in the world. The Bologna Process, implemented in Ukraine since 2006/2007 academic year, has fundamentally changed the image of Ukrainian higher education and triggered a range of conceptual transformations. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and reconsider the roles and functions of these processes. The paper provides a conceptual outline of internationalization of Ukrainian higher education, describes the main difficulties to be surmounted during the integration of Ukraine into the European Higher Education Area, and subsequently refers to the experience of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. Internationalization as the body of policies and strategies is focused upon rendering higher education responsive to the challenges set by the contemporary global environment. Inter nationalization implies the mobility of programs, ideas and values, as well as enhanced intercultural academic fluency. We are of the opinion that it is important to draw attention to the homogenizing risks which a country may confront on its way to global citizenship. Therefore, the strategies of internationalization in Ukraine must be developed with due account of its national context and priorities. The internationalization of higher education should be interpreted as a kind of response to the influence of globalization, aiming to preserve national identity and cultural difference at the same time. Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy presently educates international students from 42 countries. The significant cultural diversity in the Academy reinforces the understanding of global issues and demands, as well as essentially encourages the development of multilingual curriculum. The Academy sets the primary objectives to foster global outlook and commitment to international expertise among students and staff, as well as to create benign environment for intellectual, cultural and linguistic diversity, thus, being in line with the Academic Values in Internationalization of Higher Education, defined by IAU.

Economic Commentary: Public Good, Market Failure Essay

Paper Edition | Page: 5 Jakarta has long been infamous for its repeated floods, such as those that crippled the capital and all its government and economic activities last week. Over 15,000 people were displaced and the material losses from infrastructure destruction and damage inflicted on personal property have reportedly reached Rp 20 trillion (US$ 2 billion). The devastating impact of the disaster on government activities and public services under the central government’s auspices has revived a debate over the need for the country to move its capital from floodridden Jakarta. Even President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, according to his aides, has considered relocation of the capital, albeit as a last resort, as part of an all-out, comprehensive effort to solve the problems facing Jakarta. With or without major floods, which strike every five or six years, Jakarta can no longer sustain the population burden with all its consequences. The city no longer has space to provide housing to all of its nearly 10 million citizens or build roads for the 6 million cars and motorcycles thronging the capital. This is quite apart from the city’s lack of infrastructure to protect residents from disasters like the annual floods. Jakarta today is typified by frustrating traffic gridlock, slums that encircle high-rise buildings, makeshift huts built along riverbanks, food stalls and groceries that occupy sidewalks, traditional markets that spill onto public thoroughfares, clogged drains, illegal parking along busy streets and other forms of disorderliness resulting from the state of over-population. Not to mention the city’s crime rate, which tends to increase year-on- year. Every time Jakarta voters chose their leader, they elect a candidate who they consider able to live up to their high expectations, which of course gives them false hope. Jakarta has turned into a megalopolis without enough resources to deal with its gigantic problems and challenges. What the founding fathers failed to anticipate when they chose Jakarta as the capital city was perhaps its evolution as the country’s commercial hub. About 60 percent of the nation’s money circulates in Jakarta, where foreign companies assign their representatives. Many countries have become aware of the problems in developing their capital city as both the center of government and the heart of economic activities. Then they have got to the point where relocating the capital city becomes unavoidable. Brazil did it in 1960 when it moved its capital from densely populated Rio de Janeiro to newly built Brasilia City, our Southeast Asian neighbors Malaysia and Myanmar moved their capitals to Putrajaya and Naypyidaw in 1999 and 2005 respectively. Indonesia moved its capital to Yogyakarta from January 1946 to December 1949 due to the war of independence. In that time Bukittinggi in West Sumatra also briefly served as the capital city when founding president Sukarno established an emergency government prior to his arrest by the Dutch between December 1948 and June 1949. Unless Jakarta takes drastic measures to shore up its increasing burden, Indonesia will have to consider an alternative capital. Sooner or later saying good-bye to Jakarta will no longer be a matter of choice, but of necessity. Commentary: The article tells us about the recent flood in Jakarta, which has brought huge impacts to the nation financial cycle. The flood was happened because many factors, but the most significant factor is because the lack maintenance of the flood controls system in Jakarta. The capacity of the drains has not been maintain to what level it should be. Therefore, due to heavy rain during the rain season the flood control system could not handle the pressure which resulting the massive flood in most of part the city. Public Good is defined as a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous. Nonrivalrous; its consumption by one person does not reduce consumption by someone else; Non-excludable; it is not possible to exclude someone from using the good. Flood in Jakarta happened because the government has created a market failure since they have under provided the flood control system in Jakarta. The flood control system is an example of an environmental public goods: flood cont rol system, which nobody would provide on their own, even though everybody benefits from it being available. This suggests that since flood control system is a public good (because it is over consume, and underprovided based on what is needed for society) it clearly shows that it is an example of a market failure. Since the market fails to allocate resources to the production of the public goods it means that there are external costs. The article mentioned that the flood has resulted massive looses: over 15,0000 people were displaced and material losses from the city infrastructure, damage inflicted on personal property have reportedly reached Rp 20 trillion (US$ 2 billion). About 60 percent of the nation’s money circulates in Jakarta, where foreign companies assign their representatives; the flood has also interrupted the economic activities, as Jakarta is the â€Å"heart of economic activities† Through this tragedy there are different effect resulted. Seeing the disaster, we could clearly see the disadvantages. Most Jakartans living in flood-prone areas will probably answer mud or garbage after the flood, Citizen loss their property, illness such as fever and other water-borne diseases has also spread wildly.It means, there are external cost needed to recover houses and infrastructure as well as for the health care. In the other hand, other stakeholder got more benefit : trash picker and food seller on the street. Local news reported that the trash picker help to picked up motorcycle from one point to another; they got paid for Rp. 20.000/one way. The food seller on the street increases their income as there is increase in consumer,people were trying to see the flood from closed distance. Jakarta’s government must step in to ensure that flood control systems are produced at socially desirable levels. The flood control system should be provided up to the point where MB=MC so the flood would not be happen again and it would not interrupt the economic sector as well as creating disadvantage for the whole citizen. There are many ways to correct the market failure. Government could make an effective legislation to limit number of urbanization. As we know, Jakarta does not have an appropriate city planner. People build shift huts in the area where it is inappropriate such as the riverbanks. These people are not paying for the house tax since their house is also illegal. This will distort the city infrastructure and also decrease government revenue since they are not paying tax. Government could also do implication of direct provision in using economic criteria to determine which public goods and in what quantity of the public good should be produced. To make government direct provision to be happen, tax should be imply. With implying indirect tax government will increase the revenue which could be use for the spending on public goods, in this case is to increase the number the flood control system and maintain its quality. In long run, this issue will add another problem including the nation government and economic sectors. Based on the article, the President of Indonesia has stated there would be a probability of relocation of the capital. This will bring huge cost on all government, public services, and the whole economic activity within the country, unless the flood issue in being solved. Works Citied: â€Å"Editorial: Good-bye Jakarta.† Jakarta Post. N.p., 26 Jan. 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. Tragakes, Ellie. â€Å"Market Failure.† Economics for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. 119+. Print.